Generally, once you learn, say, Java, you'll be able to pick up C#, Kotlin, Swift, Dart, JavaScript / TypeScript, PHP etc in a pretty speedy pace, as many ideas and methods are shared between those languages. The only exception is for different paradigms; for example, learning Java won't make functional languages like Haskell or Lisp a breeze for you, and you'll still have to spend some time getting used to those.
Generally, the rule you mention doesn't apply for all programming languages, it applies mainly for all paradigms.
It's like how learning English wwon't make languages like Japanese easier, because of how different they are
There are four "main" paradigms (Imperative [includes procedural and object-oriented], functional, logic, stack-based) that are well-represented in the programming sector, along with a large collection of smaller paradigms.
But it will make other latin based languages easier
Object-oriented is such a scary phrase
In this case, Java, Kotlin, C#, Swift etc would all be Germanic languages, whereas, by comparison, Haskell and Lisp could be Austronesian, Forth and Factor could be Baltic, and Prolog could be Turkic
Put simply, the rule applies to paradigms moreso than to languages
Hmm, well, that's one misconception cleared out
While object-oriented programming absolutely has its benefits, I agree that it is not the go-to solution for every problem. There are use cases where OOP hits the nail quite well, but in others, using imperative / procedural without objects might be better. Yet others are best done functionally or logically. It really depends on what you're facing.
Remember that even without object-orientation, you can still achieve many of its use cases using records (also known as structs) and enums.
Objects aren't always necessary.
Oh, you need to have a wide array of skills
Or at least not rely on a single one
It never hurts to explore languages and paradigms outside of your comfort zone
It'll only make you grow as a programmer
Yep
Don't be a one-trick pony